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Ph.D. in Biomedical Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School/Old à£à£Ö±²¥Ðã University, (2010)

B.A. in Foreign Languages - Spanish, Radford University, (2001)

B.S. in Biology, Radford University, (2001)

TopHat Level 2 Certification

Sponsoring Organization: TopHat

Date Obtained: 2020-03-01

Research Interests

Neuroimmunology, T cell biology, dendritic cell biology, encephalitis

Articles

Steel, C., Breving, K., Tavakoli, S., Kim, W., Sanford, L. and Ciavarra, R. P. (2014). Vesicular stomatitis virus encephalitis: Role of peripheral immune response in microglia activation. J Neuroimmunol 267 (1) , pp. 50-60.

Steel, C., Kim, W., Sanford, L. D., Wellman, L. L., Burnett, S., van Rooijen, N. and Ciavarra, R. P. (2010). Distinct macrophage subpopulations regulate viral encephalitis but not viral clearance in the CNS. J Neuroimmunol 226 (1-2) , pp. 81-92.

Steel, C., Hahto, S. M. and Ciavarra, R. P. (2009). Peripheral dendritic cells are essential for both the innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses in the central nervous system. Virology 387 (1) , pp. 117-126.

Steel, C., Stephens, A. L., Hahto, S. M., Singletary, S. J. and Ciavarra, R. P. (2008). Comparison of the lateral tail vein and the retro-orbital venous sinus as routes of intravenous drug delivery in a transgenic mouse model. Lab Anim (NY) 37 (1) , pp. 26-32.

Ciavarra, R. P., Stephens, A. L., Nagy, S., Sekellic, M. and Steel, C. (2006). Evaluation of immunological paradigms in a virus model: are dendritic cells critical for antiviral immunity and viral clearance?. Journal of Immunology 177 (1) , pp. 192-500.

Ciavarra, R. P ., Taylor, L., Greene, A. R., Yousefieh, N., Horeth, D., van Rooijen, N., Steel, C., Gregory, B., Birkenbach, M. and Sekellic, M. (2005). Impact of macrophage and dendritic cell subset elimination on antiviral immunity, viral clearance and production of type 1 interferon. Virology 342 (5) , pp. 177-189.

Steel, C., Wan, Q. and Xu, X. (2003). Single live cell imaging of chromosomes in chloramphenicol-induced filamentous Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochemistry 43 (1) , pp. 175-182.

Ciavarra, R., Machida, M., Lundberg, P., Gauronskas, P., Wellman, L., Steel, C. and Sanford, L. (2018). Controllable and uncontrollable stress differentially impact pathogenicity and survival in a mouse model of viral encephalitis. Journal of Neuroimmunology 319 , pp. 130-141.

Ciavarra, R. P., Lundberg, P., Machida, M., Ambrozewicz, M. A., Wellman, L. L., Breving, K., Steel, C. and Sanford, L. D. (2017). Early gene activation initiates neuroinflammation prior to VSV neuroinvasion: Impact on antiviral responses and sleep. Journal of neuroimmunology 303 , pp. 31-42.

Book Chapters

McDaniel, D. H., Steel, C. and Mazur, C. (2013). Evaluating Cosmeceuticals Cosmeceuticals and Cosmetic Practice Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, LTD.

Presentations

Steel, C., Machida, M., Lundberg, P. S., Wellman, L., Sanford, L. D. and Ciavarra, R. P. (May , 2016). Title: Stress perception differentially regulates the inflammatory response in the CNS to a neurotropic viral pathogen Poster Immunology 2016: AAI Annual Meeting Seattle, WA.

Steel, C., Brevis, K., Tavakoli, S., Kim, W., Sanford, L. and Ciavarar, R. (May 9, 2015). Stress Perception Alters Cellular and Molecular Immunity in the Immune Response in the Brain to a Neurotropic Viral Pathogen Poster Immunology 2015: AAI Annual Meeting New Orleans, LA.

Steel, C., Machida, M., Lundberg, P. S., Wellman, L., Sanford, L. D. and Ciavarra, R. P. (April 11, 2015). Stress Perception Alters Brain Inflammation Following Neuroinvasion by a Neurotropic Viral Pathogen Oral Presentation 6th Annual Virginia Regional Herpesvirus Symposium Norfolk, VA.

Steel, C., Brevis, K., Tavakoli, S., Kim, W., Sanford, L. and Ciavarra, R. P. (May , 2013). Role of peripheral immune response in regulating chemokine and pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles during acute viral encephalitis Poster Immunology 2013: AAI Annual Meeting Honolulu, HI.

Steel, C., Brownlow, W. and Xu, X. ( 2004). Real-time Single-Molecule Study of Membrane Transport and Chromosome Replication in Single Living Bacterial Cells. Poster .

Wan, Q., Steel, C. and Xu, X. (March , 2003). Single Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Replication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Oral Presentation 54th Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy (PITTCON) Orlando, FL.

Steel, C. and Xu, X. (March , 2003). Study Of Hyper-Elongation Of Pseudomonas aeruginosa In Antibiotics Using Single Live-Cell Imaging Oral Presentation 54th Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy (PITTCON) Orlando, FL.

Steel, C. and Xu, X. (March , 2003). Study Of Multidrug Resistance In Cancer Cells Using Live Cell Imaging and Nanoprobes. Oral Presentation 54th Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy (PITTCON) Orlando, FL.

• 2018: Distinguished Teaching Award-Nontenured Faculty, College of Sciences
• 2015: Shining Star Award, Old à£à£Ö±²¥Ðã University Division of Student Affairs
• 2015: Shining Star Award, Old à£à£Ö±²¥Ðã University Division of Student Affairs
• 2014: Shining Star Award, Old à£à£Ö±²¥Ðã University Division of Student Affairs
• 2013: Distinguished Teaching Award-Adjunct, Old à£à£Ö±²¥Ðã University College of Sciences
• 2011: Shining Star Award, Old à£à£Ö±²¥Ðã University Division of Student Affairs